Karyotyping Worksheet Answer Key
Karyotyping is a laboratory technique used to examine the chromosomes of an individual. It is commonly used to diagnose genetic disorders and detect chromosomal abnormalities. The following is an answer key to a karyotyping worksheet:
Step 1: Identify the Sex Chromosomes
The sex chromosomes are the X and Y chromosomes. In a normal female karyotype, there are two X chromosomes (XX), while in a normal male karyotype, there is one X and one Y chromosome (XY).
| Sex | Sex Chromosomes |
|---|---|
| Female | XX |
| Male | XY |
Step 2: Identify the Autosomes
The autosomes are the non-sex chromosomes, which are numbered from 1 to 22. In a normal human karyotype, there are 22 pairs of autosomes, for a total of 44 autosomes.
| Autosome Pair | Number of Chromosomes |
|---|---|
| 1-22 | 44 |
Step 3: Determine the Total Number of Chromosomes
The total number of chromosomes in a normal human karyotype is 46, consisting of 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes.
| Total Number of Chromosomes | 46 |
Step 4: Identify Chromosomal Abnormalities
Chromosomal abnormalities can be identified by examining the karyotype for any deviations from the normal number or structure of chromosomes. Common abnormalities include:
- Aneuploidy: having an abnormal number of chromosomes, such as trisomy (having an extra chromosome) or monosomy (having a missing chromosome).
- Translocation: a segment of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.
- Deletion: a segment of a chromosome is missing.
- Duplication: a segment of a chromosome is repeated.
Examples of Chromosomal Abnormalities
| Abnormality | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Trisomy 21 | Having an extra copy of chromosome 21 | Down syndrome |
| Monosomy X | Having only one X chromosome | Turner syndrome |
| Translocation | A segment of chromosome 9 breaks off and attaches to chromosome 22 | Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) |
📝 Note: Chromosomal abnormalities can be inherited or occur spontaneously during cell division.
Step 5: Analyze the Karyotype
Once the karyotype has been examined, analyze the results to determine if any chromosomal abnormalities are present. If an abnormality is detected, it can be used to diagnose a genetic disorder or detect a chromosomal abnormality.
| Karyotype Analysis | Result |
|---|---|
| Normal | No chromosomal abnormalities detected |
| Abnormal | Chromosomal abnormality detected, such as trisomy or translocation |
Conclusion
Karyotyping is a powerful tool for examining the chromosomes of an individual. By following the steps outlined in this worksheet, you can identify sex chromosomes, autosomes, and chromosomal abnormalities, and analyze the karyotype to determine if any genetic disorders or chromosomal abnormalities are present.
What is karyotyping?
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Karyotyping is a laboratory technique used to examine the chromosomes of an individual.
What are the sex chromosomes?
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The sex chromosomes are the X and Y chromosomes.
What is the total number of chromosomes in a normal human karyotype?
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The total number of chromosomes in a normal human karyotype is 46.
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